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Subject: Using I2C with the Raspberry Pi, Step 1: Modules and Packages
 =?utf-8?Q?=C2=BB?= Raspberry Thoughts
Date: Wed, 30 Apr 2014 14:59:19 -0300
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		<h1 class=3D"posttitle"><a href=3D"#" class=3D"entry-title" rel=3D"bookma=
rk" title=3D"Using I2C with the Raspberry Pi, Step 1: Modules and Packages"=
>Using I2C with the Raspberry Pi, Step 1: Modules and Packages</a></h1>
		<div class=3D"postdata fix">
					<span class=3D"category"><span class=3D"icon">=C2=A0</span><a href=3D"=
https://blogs.ncl.ac.uk/francisfranklin/category/raspberry-pi/" title=3D"Vi=
ew all posts in Raspberry Pi" rel=3D"category tag">Raspberry Pi</a></span>
							<span class=3D"comments"><span class=3D"icon">=C2=A0</span><a href=
=3D"#respond">Add comments</a></span>
					</div><!-- /.postdata -->
		</div><!-- /.title -->
		<div class=3D"date"><span class=3D"month">Mar</span> <span class=3D"day">=
23</span><span class=3D"year">2014</span></div>
	</header><!-- /.title-container -->
	<span class=3D"post-format-icon">=C2=A0</span><span class=3D"updated" titl=
e=3D"2014-03-23T17:32:07+00:00"></span>		<div class=3D"entry-container fix">
			<div class=3D"entry fix">
<p class=3D"first-para">The hardware I=E2=80=99m using here is a Raspberry=
 Pi Type A, described in detail <a href=3D"http://blogs.ncl.ac.uk/francisfr=
anklin/2014/03/18/the-starting-point/">here</a>. The aim in this post is to=
 connect to the I2C interface.</p>
<p><b>1. Configuring the Raspberry Pi to use I2C</b></p>
<p>First things first, set up the Raspberry Pi to use I2C. Here=E2=80=99s=
 a good guide: <a href=3D"http://learn.adafruit.com/adafruit-16-channel-ser=
vo-driver-with-raspberry-pi/configuring-your-pi-for-i2c">Configuring Your=
 Pi for I2C</a>. (And <a href=3D"http://marks-space.com/2013/04/29/guide-to=
-interfacing-a-gyro-and-accelerometer-with-a-raspberry-pi/">another</a>.)</=
p>
<p>1. Start by installing some extra packages (developer page <a href=3D"ht=
tp://www.lm-sensors.org/wiki/I2CTools">here</a>):</p>
<pre style=3D"margin-left: 20px;background-color: #cccccc">sudo apt-get ins=
tall python-smbus
sudo apt-get install i2c-tools
sudo apt-get install libi2c-dev</pre>
<p>2. Check the blacklist:</p>
<pre style=3D"margin-left: 20px;background-color: #cccccc">~ $ cat /etc/mod=
probe.d/raspi-blacklist.conf=20
# blacklist spi and i2c by default (many users don't need them)

blacklist spi-bcm2708
blacklist i2c-bcm2708</pre>
<p>and disable those two last lines (edit with nano):</p>
<pre style=3D"margin-left: 20px;background-color: #cccccc">~ $ cat /etc/mod=
probe.d/raspi-blacklist.conf=20
# blacklist spi and i2c by default (many users don't need them)

#blacklist spi-bcm2708
#blacklist i2c-bcm2708</pre>
<p>3. Check the list of modules:</p>
<pre style=3D"margin-left: 20px;background-color: #cccccc">~ $ cat /etc/mod=
ules
# /etc/modules: kernel modules to load at boot time.
#
# This file contains the names of kernel modules that should be loaded
# at boot time, one per line. Lines beginning with "#" are ignored.
# Parameters can be specified after the module name.

snd-bcm2835</pre>
<p>and add two more modules to the list there:</p>
<pre style=3D"margin-left: 20px;background-color: #cccccc">~ $ cat /etc/mod=
ules
# /etc/modules: kernel modules to load at boot time.
#
# This file contains the names of kernel modules that should be loaded
# at boot time, one per line. Lines beginning with "#" are ignored.
# Parameters can be specified after the module name.

snd-bcm2835
i2c-dev=20
i2c-bcm2708</pre>
<p>4. (Optional) To allow non-administrator users to use I2C, you can use=
 this handy trick (thanks here to <a href=3D"http://richardstechnotes.wordp=
ress.com/2014/03/26/raspberry-pi-i2c-udev-rules/">Raspberry Pi I2C udev rul=
es</a>).</p>
<p>Create a file /etc/udev/rules.d/90-i2c.rules and add the line:</p>
<pre style=3D"margin-left: 20px;background-color: #cccccc">KERNEL=3D=3D"i2c=
-[0-7]",MODE=3D"0666"</pre>
<p>5. (Optional) To adjust the clock speed of the I2C (the default is 100kH=
z but many I2C devices can operates at 400kHz), then here=E2=80=99s another=
 handy trick (thanks here to <a href=3D"http://richardstechnotes.wordpress.=
com/2014/03/27/setting-the-raspberry-pi-i2c-ports-to-operate-at-400khz/">Se=
tting the Raspberry Pi I2C ports to operate at 400kHz</a>). Create a file=
 /etc/modprobe.d/i2c.conf and add the line:</p>
<pre style=3D"margin-left: 20px;background-color: #cccccc">options i2c_bcm2=
708 baudrate=3D400000</pre>
<p>6. Reboot.</p>
<p>7. One final step <em>if you skipped Step 4</em> and <em>if you don=E2=
=80=99t want to use I2C as an administrator</em> =E2=80=93 give everyone re=
ad-write access to the devices:</p>
<pre style=3D"margin-left: 20px;background-color: #cccccc">~ $ sudo chmod=
 o+rw /dev/i2c-*</pre>
<p>It will be necessary to do this after every reboot.</p>
<p><b>2. Testing the I2C Connection</b></p>
<p>Linux has I2C support in the kernel (see <a href=3D"http://git.kernel.or=
g/cgit/linux/kernel/git/torvalds/linux.git/tree/Documentation/i2c/dev-inter=
face">kernel documentation</a> for details of the interface), and <a href=
=3D"http://elinux.org/Interfacing_with_I2C_Devices">here=E2=80=99s a nice=
 tutorial</a> explaining the simplest way to use it.</p>
<p>I=E2=80=99m going to cheat and use a test program =E2=80=93 <a href=3D"h=
ttp://www.vincenzov.net/tutorial/RaspberryPi/check_I2C.c">check_I2C.c</a>=
 by <a href=3D"http://www.vincenzov.net/tutorial/RaspberryPi/i2c_c.htm">Vin=
cenzo Villa</a>:</p>
<pre style=3D"margin-left: 20px;background-color: #cccccc;height: 200px;ove=
rflow: auto;padding: 8px">// Rapsberry Pi: I2C in C - Versione 0.61 - Lugli=
o 2013
// Copyright (c) 2013, Vincenzo Villa (http://www.vincenzov.net)
// Creative Commons | Attribuzione-Condividi allo stesso modo 3.0 Unported.
// Creative Commons | Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported
// http://www.vincenzov.net/tutorial/elettronica-di-base/RaspberryPi/i2c-c.=
htm

// Compile:  gcc check_I2C.c -std=3Dc99 -o check_I2C
// Run as user with R&amp;W right on /dev/i2c-* (NOT ROOT!)
// vv@vvrpi ~ $ ./check_I2C=20
// Check whether some i2c functionality are present

#include &lt;stdint.h&gt;
#include &lt;unistd.h&gt;
#include &lt;stdio.h&gt;
#include &lt;stdlib.h&gt;
#include &lt;getopt.h&gt;
#include &lt;fcntl.h&gt;
#include &lt;sys/ioctl.h&gt;
#include &lt;linux/types.h&gt;
#include &lt;linux/i2c-dev.h&gt;

#define I2C_ADDR 0x4B				// Device adress

#define LM92_TEMP 0                             // Temperature register (se=
e data sheet)
#define LM92_RES 0.0625                         // Resolution (see data she=
et)

static const char *device =3D "/dev/i2c-1";	// I2C bus

static void exit_on_error (const char *s)	// Exit and print error code
{ 	perror(s);
  	abort();
}=20

int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
	int fd;
=09
	int32_t functionality;
	uint8_t  buffer[2];
        int16_t  data;
        double   temperature;
       =20
        printf("Rapsberry Pi: I2C in C - Versione 0.61 - Luglio 2013\n");
        printf("Copyright (c) 2013, Vincenzo Villa (http://www.vincenzov.ne=
t)\n");
        printf("Creative Commons | Attribuzione-Condividi allo stesso modo=
 3.0 Unported.\n");
        printf("Creative Commons | Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported\n");
        printf("http://www.vincenzov.net/tutorial/elettronica-di-base/Raspb=
erryPi/i2c-c.htm\n\n");                                      =20

       	// Open I2C device
       	if ((fd =3D open(device, O_RDWR)) &lt; 0) exit_on_error ("Can't ope=
n I2C device");

        if (ioctl(fd, I2C_FUNCS, &amp;functionality) &lt; 0)  exit_on_error=
 ("Can't use I2C_FUNCS ioctl");
       =20
        printf("Raw data from driver (I2C_FUNCS): 0x%.8X\n", functionality)=
;       =20
       =20
        printf("\nI2C_FUNC_I2C ");
        if ( I2C_FUNC_I2C &amp; functionality) printf("\t\t\t\tOK");     =20

        printf("\nI2C_FUNC_10BIT_ADDR ");
        if ( I2C_FUNC_10BIT_ADDR &amp; functionality)  printf("\t\t\tOK");
                                                                         =
                              =20
        printf("\nI2C_FUNC_PROTOCOL_MANGLING ");                =20
        if ( I2C_FUNC_PROTOCOL_MANGLING &amp; functionality) printf("\tOK")=
;                  =20

//        printf("\nI2C_FUNC_NOSTART ");
//        if ( I2C_FUNC_NOSTART &amp; functionality) printf("\tOK");
               =20
        printf("\nI2C_FUNC_SMBUS_QUICK ");
        if ( I2C_FUNC_SMBUS_QUICK &amp; functionality) printf("\t\t\tOK");
               =20
        printf("\nI2C_FUNC_SMBUS_READ_BYTE ");
        if ( I2C_FUNC_SMBUS_READ_BYTE &amp; functionality) printf("\t\tOK");
               =20
        printf("\nI2C_FUNC_SMBUS_WRITE_BYTE ");
        if ( I2C_FUNC_SMBUS_WRITE_BYTE &amp; functionality) printf("\t\tOK"=
);
                                                              =20
        printf("\nI2C_FUNC_SMBUS_READ_BYTE_DATA ");
        if ( I2C_FUNC_SMBUS_READ_BYTE_DATA &amp; functionality) printf("\t\=
tOK");
               =20
        printf("\nI2C_FUNC_SMBUS_WRITE_BYTE_DATA ");
        if ( I2C_FUNC_SMBUS_WRITE_BYTE_DATA &amp; functionality) printf("\t=
\tOK");
               =20
        printf("\nI2C_FUNC_SMBUS_READ_WORD_DATA ");
        if ( I2C_FUNC_SMBUS_READ_WORD_DATA &amp; functionality) printf("\t\=
tOK");

        printf("\nI2C_FUNC_SMBUS_WRITE_WORD_DATA ");
        if ( I2C_FUNC_SMBUS_WRITE_WORD_DATA &amp; functionality) printf("\t=
\tOK");

        printf("\nI2C_FUNC_SMBUS_PROC_CALL "); =20
        if ( I2C_FUNC_SMBUS_PROC_CALL &amp; functionality) printf("\t\tOK")=
;=20
               =20
        printf("\nI2C_FUNC_SMBUS_READ_BLOCK_DATA "); =20
        if ( I2C_FUNC_SMBUS_READ_BLOCK_DATA &amp; functionality) printf("\t=
\tOK");                                                                  =
                                              =20

        printf("\nI2C_FUNC_SMBUS_WRITE_BLOCK_DATA "); =20
        if ( I2C_FUNC_SMBUS_WRITE_BLOCK_DATA &amp; functionality) printf("\=
tOK");                                               =20
=20
        printf("\nI2C_FUNC_SMBUS_READ_I2C_BLOCK "); =20
        if ( I2C_FUNC_SMBUS_READ_I2C_BLOCK &amp; functionality) printf("\t\=
tOK");=20
=20
        printf("\nI2C_FUNC_SMBUS_WRITE_I2C_BLOCK "); =20
        if ( I2C_FUNC_SMBUS_WRITE_I2C_BLOCK &amp; functionality) printf("\t=
\tOK");        =20
       =20
        printf("\n\n");

        if (ioctl( fd, I2C_PEC, 1) &lt; 0) printf("Failed to enable PEC\n");
        else printf("PEC enabled\n\n");=20

        data =3D i2c_smbus_read_byte_data ( fd , 0x0a );

        close(fd);

	return (0);
}
</pre>
<p>Compile &amp; run:</p>
<pre style=3D"margin-left: 20px;background-color: #cccccc;height: 200px;ove=
rflow: auto;padding: 8px">~ $ gcc check_I2C.c -std=3Dc99 -o check_I2C
~ $ ./check_I2C=20
Rapsberry Pi: I2C in C - Versione 0.61 - Luglio 2013
Copyright (c) 2013, Vincenzo Villa (http://www.vincenzov.net)
Creative Commons | Attribuzione-Condividi allo stesso modo 3.0 Unported.
Creative Commons | Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported

http://www.vincenzov.net/tutorial/elettronica-di-base/RaspberryPi/i2c-c.htm

Raw data from driver (I2C_FUNCS): 0x0EFF0009

I2C_FUNC_I2C 				OK
I2C_FUNC_10BIT_ADDR=20
I2C_FUNC_PROTOCOL_MANGLING=20
I2C_FUNC_SMBUS_QUICK 			OK
I2C_FUNC_SMBUS_READ_BYTE 		OK
I2C_FUNC_SMBUS_WRITE_BYTE 		OK
I2C_FUNC_SMBUS_READ_BYTE_DATA 		OK
I2C_FUNC_SMBUS_WRITE_BYTE_DATA 		OK
I2C_FUNC_SMBUS_READ_WORD_DATA 		OK
I2C_FUNC_SMBUS_WRITE_WORD_DATA 		OK
I2C_FUNC_SMBUS_PROC_CALL 		OK
I2C_FUNC_SMBUS_READ_BLOCK_DATA=20
I2C_FUNC_SMBUS_WRITE_BLOCK_DATA 	OK
I2C_FUNC_SMBUS_READ_I2C_BLOCK 		OK
I2C_FUNC_SMBUS_WRITE_I2C_BLOCK 		OK

PEC enabled</pre>
<p>All I need now are some I2C sensors to play with=E2=80=A6</p>
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